Skin colour is primarily determined by melanin, a pigment naturally produced by skin cells. The more melanin present, the darker the skin. Each person's phototype is classified on a scale from I to VI, considering skin, eye and hair colour.
Skin pigmentation can also change due to internal and external factors:
UV exposure triggers tanning, a protective response where the skin produces more melanin.
Age, excessive sun exposure, certain medications, diseases, or hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy or menopause) can lead to localized pigmentation spots, known as hyperpigmentation.
Scars, including those from acne and areas of friction may also cause dark spots.
Targeted hyperpigmentation and brightening products can help reduce the appearance of these spots, promoting a more even skin tone.